Surging news special writing Song Yibo
The Indian election once once in the first half of next year will start.Prime Minister Modi has released his words more than once this year. He will lead India to become the third largest economy in the world in the future "third term".India's narrative of Modi's "Indian Growth Story" at home and abroad has shown a strong interest. Singaporean Senior High Researcher James Dorsey even predicted that "the world may have three major powers in the future in the future,"(US -China and India) Dingli situation.
As an important force of India's "global narrative" that cannot be ignored, Indian media has always been a pursuit in the Western intellectual community.The mainstream western magazine "Economist" has recently been keenly reminding the outside world that it is necessary to pay attention to the subtle and significant changes in the "world view" of the Indian media- "an unprecedented international vision" and began to have a large number of foreign policies and strategic priority.discuss.
But this kind of high expectations soon encountered reality.
The associate professor of the University of Qatar Halle Fa, Marc Owen Jones, specializes in fake news in the digital age. In recent years, he has written many "counterfeit media" reviews for international media.Recently, his analysis article on Indian media "Why so many anti -Palestinian fake information from India" has attracted unprecedented attention. Many international scholars and media people have followed up their voice warnings to the occupation of the Indian media industry in conflict reportsThe ethics and the harsh effects that may cause great concern.
China Youth.com previously published an article quoting Shakuntala Banaji, a professor in the field of media research in the London School of Political Economics and Economics, saying that most of the Indian media reports "did not leave the truth or show a sign of responsibility."
As a window that deeply understands the complexity of Indian countries and society and the logic and trends behind it, the Indian media undoubtedly played pivotal.However, proper assessment and judgments are becoming more difficult in today's digital age, and Indian media are particularly noticeable.
Qatar scholar Mark Ovin Jones cited the conclusion of the famous Indian "factual verification" website BOOM in his article, saying that after Hamas raid southern Israel on October 7, some social platforms from India and Hindu nationalist colors from India and Hindu nationalist colorsThe account has spread a lot of false information. "Most negatives are targeted at Palestine or support Israel", which has become the "main creator and loudspeaker" of the "anti -Palestinian fake information action".
Figure 1 Prashant Bhushan, a well -known public welfare lawyer in India, reposted the article "Why so many anti -Palestinian fake information from India" on the X platform and obtained 135,000 reading, but compared with the data of the explosive postsclass
A typical case that was repeatedly mentioned was that an account that was certified by the X social media platform (former "Twitter") posted a video, claiming that a "Hamas militant" kidnapped a dozen little girls, "Take them as a sex slave. "The video pixels are very low, but if you look at it a little, it is not difficult to see that some girls are chatting happily and still using mobile phones.Obviously, this is a inferior false information that is intentionally fabricated.
However, the video posts that are unclear in this news element have quickly become a network explosion, obtaining thousands of user forwarding and 6 million exposure of the X platform.After analyzing the accounts of these shared videos, most accounts are in India.
After tracking and sorting out the maximum traffic, Jones found that most of the accounts from Indian media reporters.What makes the outside world more worrying is that there are many senior Indian media practitioners.India's senior conflict reporter and TV9 website executive editor Aditya Raj Kaul released a post shortly after the outbreak of Israel's attack on October 10th, saying that a pregnant woman was "dissected by Hamas terrorists" in southern Israel in southern Israel."Let the unborn children die slowly."So far, the number of browsing of this post has reached 10.34 million times, and reposted 16,000 times, including the reposts of Ben · Shapiro, editor -in -chief of the US right -wing media Daily Wire News Network, and the Internet Big V and Timely Journalist Ben • Shapiro.
However, "this story has not been confirmed." Senior analyst of Nanyang University of Technology in Singapore and former "India Express" editor of the Indian Express Antara Chakraborthy and study colleague Yasmine Wong recently wrote that reporter Aditha Raj Kaul obviously brought the Indian People's Partyposition.
The mainstream media in Europe and the United States have begun to follow up with "Indian Fake News", but the outbreak of the Gaza conflict has passed more than half a month.The American "Magazine" published a close -up manuscript "Indian Hindu extremists are inciting Israel Conflict", and France's 24 -hour TV station launched a report on "the production of a large amount of false information in India."
Perhaps due to the "intervention" and pressure of the mainstream media in the West, the commercial daily newspaper Mint, founded by the Indian mainstream newspaper "The Indian Stan Times", published an article explaining the relationship between India and Israel in November.The evolution of the government and previous Indian government's policy on Pakistani issues has put the phenomenon of "fake news flooding" in a more complex background, but it has been brought in a few "fake news".
Indian intellectual elites are not silent.Well -known writers and journalist Manu Joseph who often writes column articles for Western media and mainstream media in India also borrowed Mint platforms to write the time commentary "What does the Palestinian conflict about human nature?""Indian false news phenomenon" brings the harm to the Palestinians and the "Indian international image", but it also avoids the fame directly aimed at Hindu ethnicists.
Manu Joseph was the editor -in -chief of the Indian news weekly "Open", and many novels such as "Serious Men" published in the world were widely popular and were once adapted into film works.The British "Financial Times" calls him "one of the most ironic and non -traditional voices in this country."The field of vision, but this time involves issues such as extremist nationalism and religious conflicts, Manu Joseph also looks extra careful.
But Pratik Sinha, the founder of non -profit facts, should use practical action to "confront" the mainstream Indian media with actual operations.Xinqi wrote on the social media account not recently that in order to support Israel, India has exported false information on the mainstream media and social platforms. I hope that the world now "can recognize how India is the right -wing of India to become the world's" fake news capital 'of".
"The Dickens of the Indian Media"
The rapid development of the Indian media industry is obvious to all, and the narrative of "vibrant" is often seen in the description of the Indian media industry.
Starting from the reform of economic liberalization in the early 1990s, Indian paper and radio media ushered in a long -term prosperity stage.Before the current Prime Minister Modi won the election in 2014, the Indian TV station channel has increased to 250; the radio station has expanded from the only official radio station "all -print radio station" to 250 private frequency radio stations;Growth, the number of publications in the number of publications, and India's most proud global circulation, "Indian Times", has more than 3 million copies of daily circulation (only Japanese newspapers have created a higher record), and advertising revenue annually growth increased annual growthKeep more than 10%.
Although facing the global trend of the rise of online and digital media, printing media and television channels in the Indian market in the Indian market of 1.4 billion people still maintain a growth trend.
"The Indian market can accommodate traditional media and new media at the same time." In October 2022, the Adenner Foundation of the German Political Party's Civil Affairs Foundation and the Social Research Center (CSDS) released by the Indian Development Social Research Center (CSDS).This is the first time that the Western agency has carried out a nationwide public opinion survey in India. The 19 states of over 7,400 Indian citizens and rural residents provided their views on Indian media.
"From a good perspective, whether it is traditional media or new media, Indian media have passed the localization of content, becoming a carrier of free expression, innovation, ideological sharing, mutual connection, and tolerance." The report wrote.Jaipur Investment
In May of this year, Google jointly released by the Indian market data and analysis company Kantar said that in 2022, India had more than 729 million active Internet users, of which 52%(about 379 million) Internet users via various news applications/Websites, social media, instant messaging tools, etc. get news online.
According to the report, 45%of the investigations said that consumer news with online social media applications is more popular in the circle of peers than watching traditional TV channels in the circle of peers.The survey also shows that about 80%of online news consumers have encountered "suspicious news" -that is, it is difficult to distinguish the authenticity information.Nearly half of the respondents clearly identified that trust is a key factor in promoting them to make news consumption.
"India has the world's most Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube audience, and these audiences are still growing, because the country has a large number of young people, they are more proficient in digital technology, fluent English and have a global vision."Yonga Thussu, a professor of global communication professor in the University of Hui University, told the author a few days ago that he published his book "Propaganda India's Soft Power: From the Buddha to Bollywood" in 2013.
The younger generation of India rely entirely on mobile digital news media. Professor Daya Thussu believes, "This may be a double -edged sword: on the one hand, it enables consumers to obtain instant information and wide views. On the other hand, it makes these young people these young peopleIn contact with information that has not been edited and unwritten, it may be manipulated by vested interests to promote a specific type of political or cultural agenda. "
Talking about the overall ecology of the Indian media, the former editor -in -chief of the well -known publisher and the leading business daily daily "Business Standards", T.N. Ninan, summarized the "Dickens era of Indian media" and widely circulated. He quoted the famous saying of "Shuangcheng" saying: "This is undoubtedly the best era and the worst era."
"Indian media may be at a turning point, and they start to lose their reputation." In 2013, the "Reuters Institute of Journalism" in the University of Oxford University in the United Kingdom has released a widely quoted report, gathered by many well -known Indian media investigationsWritten, it is quite alert to the hidden concerns and challenges in the Indian media industry.
At this time, Modi won the year before the throne of the Prime Minister.Other "illness" in the Indian media industry involved in the report also includes: the "small newspaper" trend of the media (entertainment, full of gossip), corruption, manipulating ratings to attract advertisements, pay news (sometimes deliberately concealed readers), edit vision and editors and editors andThe topic is narrow -narrowly limited to the preferences and bias of only the growing city middle class that only meets the growing cities.
Ten years have passed. The above -mentioned senior media people have been echoed by Indian readers."The dim side is that even if the number of media in India increases, the major crisis of reputation, quality and (news) ethics comes.The latest report of the foundation in 2022 wrote, "Not only that, the Indian media has also become a tool for the propaganda, hatred and false information of some vested interests, which has seriously crack down on the country's social structure."
In India, the control of large groups and large families is an important feature of the media.For example, the English newspaper "India Times" founded in 1838 not only has the largest Financial Daily "Economic Times" in India, but also expands to television, radio and 24 news websites.
"A country under a high political context has the history of community violence. At the same timeA urgent "" Indian Digital News Report "released by the" Reuters Institute "in 2019.
"The Third largest economy in the world" controversy
Different from the criticism of the "Capital of False News", it is generally chosen to "silence". Not long ago, the controversy of "whether India becomes a world economy superpower is a pseudo -proposition". Indian mainstream media "full firepower" has joined the competition.
The debate was triggered by a new book. The author was born in India, an American economic historian Ashoka Mody. He is currently a professor of international economic policy visitor to International Economic Policy of the University of Princeton. He has worked in the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.Once his new book "India is fragmented" was quickly praised in the international economics community, it was evaluated as an important work in understanding the "internal weakness of the Indian model".
For the enthusiasm of "India's Economy Entering the Expressway" in the analysis circle of Western media and foreign policy, the new book is like a pot of cold water.
"India may finally become a heavyweight country in the global economy in 2023." The viewer of the Wall Street Journal, Greg IP, is quite representative. Earlier this year, he was in the observation article written by Gujila, India earlier this year."This is due to the combination of various factors, including the country's stable economic growth and microeconomic reforms, and changes in the geopolitical environment. The West is now more urgent than ever before.Camp "
Azaka Modi held different views and bluntly stated that "India has become a touting."In July, he published an article on "India cannot become an economic superpower like India." He first reprinted in international media, and then caused follow -up reports of almost all mainstream Indian media.
Azaka Modi gave two major reasons: India lacks excellent human capital and women's labor participation rate.Chennai Stock
Recent data shows that more than 60%of India's population age is under 35 years old, and more than 40%of the population is under 25 years of age. The number of young people with 12 million people per year is more difficult to get withMatching employment opportunities.In recent years, nearly half of the people in India have made a living by agriculture, and the development of manufacturing has not improved.
According to data from the Indian Economic Monitoring Center, in 2022, India's labor participation rate (active labor and people who are looking for a job) were only 49.5%, which is one of the lowest countries in Asia.Women's employment situation is worse. According to World Bank data, in 2022, Indian women's labor participation rates were 22%, while data released by the Indian Economic Monitoring Center in October 2022 showed that this ratio was only 10%.
This kind of "suspicious India" argument quickly triggered a violent attack by the Indian right -wing digital magazine "Swarajya", criticizing Azaoka Modi "the academic prophets seeing India on the right road and restlessness."
The "Indian Times", "Indian Stan Times", and "India Today" are almost all mainstream publications, well -known TV and podcast programs. They are competing to launch key reports, and serious arguments occupy the center of the public opinion field.They dug the important details and "leaks" described in the Indian government's economic policy described in the books, and asked the economic historian seriously to reflect on the current economic policy and explore the future of the future.
For the data of 7.8%in the second quarter of GDP released by the Indian government, Azaoka Modi followed up a "Indian false growth story" review article in September, which caused the Indian government's chief economic adviser to Nagswali(V Anantha Nageswaran) publicly responded publicly on the GDP calculation method.Indore Investment
It is not uncommon to question India's GDP calculation method. Every two or three years, Indian economists, economic officials, and politicians will be fried.Azaka Modi is familiar with the subtle differences between international institutions and the government of developed economies, and his "question" is more weight.However, he recently published a number of articles directly pointing to India's economic issues. Soon he still recruited the bombardment of the Indian right online media "Opindia", accusing the author of "a clear target schedule, that is, to discredit India on the global platform."
The "Opindia" founded in 2014 is the highest number of visits in Indian right -wing media, and has been caught in disputes and vortexes in reporting fake news.It also wrote in the product introduction of the Google App Store: "Standing at the forefront of the modern Indian information warfare, the narrative here is to be preceded by the facts."
However, unlike the newly widely reported new book of Azaka Modi, the international media's interest in the "talk" in the Indian media was so popular.This is also in sharp contrast to the issues of the mainstream media settings of Indian media before.
Western mainstream media has recently increased attention to Indian media.When Prime Minister Modi visited the United States in June this year, Western counterparts were keenly captured that cable news channels with the highest domestic ratings in India launched a program that explored the priority of national foreign policies. Prior to this, Indian media often "excessive attention" in ChinaThe topic was accused of narrow vision.
"This represents a major change." The August issue of the British "Economist" praised the international perspective of India's peers.The article attributes this change to the ability of Prime Minister Modi and Foreign Minister Su Jesheng to be good at connecting foreign interests with domestic interests.
"In many ways, it is no exaggeration to say that we are laying the foundation for the world today." In May of this year, foreign minister Su Jiesheng delivered a speech entitled "India under the rule of Modi: a major rising country",Constantly explain the ambition of Indian diplomatic strategy.The book "The Road to India: The Strategy of Uncertain World" published in 2020 still became a hot topic in this year's international media and strategic research community.Methods to play influence. "
The article "Economist" quickly turned around. "However, it is difficult to find people's strong interest in the world in these (media) changes, or in -depth understanding.There is no less than a "less" article, which is a senior editor of the Indian business media that the TV show is full of "lash" of other countries.Partyism, nationalism, and often the news is amazing. "
Professor Daya Thussu of Hong Kong Baptist University told the author that Western media's discussion on India is still shrouded in colonial history, indicating that "they cannot understand the complexity of a mainland -level country in terms of emotions and intelligence."
"Indian news media is not particularly interested in global audiences. Except for decades, the film industry that has occupied a place around the world for decades." He further said that Indian private media organizations are in attracting "most indifferent international audiences".Too many economic logic, and the official media does not have enough resources to operate globally in terms of professionalism or infrastructure.
However, "with the improvement of India's international image, Indian private companies have begun to recognize the role of the media as the main soft power resources," said Professor Daya Thussu.Muksh Ambani, chairman of the Indian Shinshi Industrial Group, all runs a special news channel and ambitious to go global.
(The author is the Meng buy media person, who has long been engaged in international affairs reports and writing)
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